1. Review key features of plain films and CT or MRI's of abdomen and pelvis.
On plain films, the bones are usually the only things that can be easily identified. However, gas in the intestinal loops will appear as dark spots; fecal material or blockages can produce regions of no gas in the intestines.
Barium swallow or enema can be used to visualize the lumen and the positioning of the intestinals and colon. Haustra will be visible in the colon as well as rugae in the stomach. Diverticulums will also show up. Plicae will be higher in the jejunum than in the ilium.
However, be aware that peristalsis alters the shape of the opacities on film.
2. Identify the key landmarks of the abdomen to be used as guides in cross-sectional anatomy of the region.
The aorta bifurcates into the common iliac arteries around the L5 vertebrae level.
3. Review representative levels of the abdomen and pelvis and identify specific structures listed in the handout at each level.
T10
43 - Esophageal-gastric junction
41 - Fundus of teh stomach
39 - Spleen
- Liver
18 - Right-lower lobe of lung
36 - Left-lower lobe of lung
3, 21, 38, 48 - Cut edges of the diaphragm
32 - descending aorta
15 - Inferior vena cava
26 - Azygous vein
26 - Hemiazygous vein
T12
4 - Hepatic veins
7 - Proper hepatic artery
10 - Portal vein
8 - Common bile duct
- Liver
40 - Stomach
31 - Spleen
- Pancreas (not listed in this figure)
32, 33 - Splenic vessels
18, 27- Kidney
- Renal cortex (not listed in this figure)
- Renal medula (not listed in this figure)
41 - Splenic flexure
- Right crus of the diaphragm (not listed in this figure)
25 - Left crus of the diaphragm
23 - Descending aorta
15 - Inferior vena cava
Cross-Sections of Abdomen and Pelvis
Table of Contents
1. Review key features of plain films and CT or MRI's of abdomen and pelvis.
On plain films, the bones are usually the only things that can be easily identified. However, gas in the intestinal loops will appear as dark spots; fecal material or blockages can produce regions of no gas in the intestines.
Barium swallow or enema can be used to visualize the lumen and the positioning of the intestinals and colon. Haustra will be visible in the colon as well as rugae in the stomach. Diverticulums will also show up. Plicae will be higher in the jejunum than in the ilium.
However, be aware that peristalsis alters the shape of the opacities on film.
2. Identify the key landmarks of the abdomen to be used as guides in cross-sectional anatomy of the region.
The aorta bifurcates into the common iliac arteries around the L5 vertebrae level.
3. Review representative levels of the abdomen and pelvis and identify specific structures listed in the handout at each level.
T10
43 - Esophageal-gastric junction
41 - Fundus of teh stomach
39 - Spleen
- Liver
18 - Right-lower lobe of lung
36 - Left-lower lobe of lung
3, 21, 38, 48 - Cut edges of the diaphragm
32 - descending aorta
15 - Inferior vena cava
26 - Azygous vein
26 - Hemiazygous vein
T12
4 - Hepatic veins
7 - Proper hepatic artery
10 - Portal vein
8 - Common bile duct
- Liver
40 - Stomach
31 - Spleen
- Pancreas (not listed in this figure)
32, 33 - Splenic vessels
18, 27- Kidney
- Renal cortex (not listed in this figure)
- Renal medula (not listed in this figure)
41 - Splenic flexure
- Right crus of the diaphragm (not listed in this figure)
25 - Left crus of the diaphragm
23 - Descending aorta
15 - Inferior vena cava
L1-L2
3 - Stomach
10 - Duodenum
- Liver
8 - Gall bladder
9 - Head of pancreas
42, - Kidney
41 - Renal cortex
42 - Renal medula
52 - Descending colon
59 - Transverse colon
55 - Jejunum
36 - Descending aorta
15 - Inferior vena cava
23 - Psoas
37 - Quadratus lumborum
L2-L3
13 - Inferior pole of right lobe of liver
15 - Ascending colon
55 - Transverse colon
43 - Descending colon
52 - Jejunum
36 - Psoas
37 - Quadratus lumborum
7, 8, 9, 54, 53 - Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall
49 - Descending aorta
12 - Inferior vena cava
21 - Ureters
L4-L5
5 - Ascending colon
36 - Descending colon
30 - Ilium
- gluteusmaximus
14 - gluteus medius
S5 Male
17- gluteusmaximus
28 - Rectum
1- Bladder
22 - Obturator internus
53 - Spermatic cord
51 - Femoral artery and vein
Coccyx Male
30 - Seminal vesicle
27 - Rectum
58 - Spermatic cord
55 - Femoral artery
55 - Femoral vein
61 - Pubic symphysis
Lesser trochanter Male
29 - Anal sphincter
28 - Levator ani
26 - Ischiorectal fossa
- Corpora spongiosum
53 - Urethra
59 - Corpora cavernosum
55 - Spermatic cord
S5 Female
23 - Rectum
- Bladder
34 - Uterus
- Cecum
42 - Ileum
17 - Obturator internus
4 - External iliac vessels
Coccyx Female
19 - Rectum
1 - Bladder
22 - Uterus
22 - Cervix
30 - Femoral artery
30 - Femoral vein
Lesser Trochanter Female
19- Anus
3 - Vagina
2 - Urethra
16 - Ishiorectal fossa
9 - Levator ani
24 - Obturator internus
46 - Pubic symphysis
19 - Anal canal
- Crus of the clitoris
- Vaginal opening
- Urethral opening
- Body of the clitoris